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Miss M. Caldwell

T.M. Calderwood

• 1964 - ?Electronic Technician? (BIO) - CSS Kapuskasing - Chaleur Bay

E Cameron

• 1952-53 - Cape Spear area.
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Bedford Institute, Field Officer ( Technical Officer 4)
   1964 - Hydrographer, CSS Kapuskasing - Chaleur Bay
   1965 - Hydrographer, CSS Maxwell & CHL Eider - Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Gulf of St Lawrence
   1966 - Senior Hydrographer - CSS Acadia - Magdalen Ilands, Que - Newfoundland
   1967 - Senior Assistant - Shore Party # 1 - western NS, Kejimkujik Lake, Trinity Ledge, Pubnico to Yarmouth
   1968 - Senior Assistant - CSS Acadia - Isle Aux Morts and Hamilton Sound, Nfld

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Tides and Water Levels, Data Collection (Technician 1)
• 1966 - Tides and Water Levels, Central Region. (Field assignment - Atlantic Region - gauging)

A. Carr

• 1768 – surveyed Notre Dame Bay & Exploits River, Nfld.
• Cartwright, Lab. probably named after him

G.A.Y. Casavant

Michael J. Casey

  Mike Casey is the Chief, Hydrographic Development at the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) headquarters in Ottawa. Prior to this, he was a senior hydrographer with the CHS Central Region in Burlington, Ontario. While with the CHS, he received his B. Sc. in mathematics from McMaster University and has anM.Sc.   pending [in 1987], also from McMaster, for which he has done extensive work on developing geostatistical approaches to contouring data. From 1983 to 1986, he was the CHS Scientific Authority on the LARSEN Coastal Mapping System project on developing lidar surveying. He is the author of many papers on different aspects of hydrography, most recently focusing on automatic contouring and the development of        lidar  technology.

Sources: The Canadian Surveyor, Summer 1987, p. 171.
The Canadian Surveyor, Autumn 1986, p. 260.

   1967 - Lake Surveillance Program
• 1967/68-Training-Hydro I
Photos: Hydro I 1967/68
   1968 - Hydrographer - Ottawa River Survey - Bryson to Hog Island (April to 6 Sept)
   1968 - Hydrographer - Trent-Severn Survey, Ont (8 Sept to 31 Oct)
   1969 - Hydrographer - Rideau Waterway survey, Ont (8 Sept - 22 Nov)

Peter John Casey

5 July 1937 – 28 October 2003

Peter John Casey died Tuesday October 28, 2003, in Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, West Virginia.  He was born July 5, 1937 in London, England, a son of Joseph Casey and Elizabeth Duffy.  He emigrated to Canada in 1950.

Peter was educated in Toronto and earned a degree in civil engineering from the University of Toronto.  He received a masters degree in environmental engineering from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.  Prior to his position if Program Coordinator of Small Flows, at West Virginia University, a position he held for the last nine years, Peter was Director of Public Health Engineering for the Province of Nova Scotia.  He was the town engineer of Glace Bay from 1965-70.  Peter was married to Jean Gillis and had three children, Christopher, Halifax; Jeffrey, Halifax; and Aine Casey Tan, Wolfville.

Source: Cape Breton Post, Sydney, NS. 

My recollection of Peter’s history with the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) is that he started work with CHS in 1960 and was assigned to the CSS Acadia under HIC, Hiro Furuya.  In 1961, he was with Chuck Leadman on the St. Lawrence River.  In 1962, he served on the CSS Baffin, under the direction of HIC, Russ Melanson.  During 1963,m he worked in the office with the primary assignment of selecting transmitter sites for Hi-Fix, In 1964 he was second in charge of the Acadia.

I had the great pleasure of spending that very interesting season with him.  We spent considerable time around Botwood, Newfoundland and were generally up and down the coast on numerous jobs.  We had a great summer, getting in to St. John’s for bunker once a month was eventful as John O’Shea, Peter Casey and I were off doing what bad boys usually do when given too much rope.  I remember Peter and I drinking downtown on one of these trips and were late getting back to the ship; everyone was lined up on the rail, gangplank about to come up and Captain Taylor fuming.  Peter and I casually (under the influence) walked aboard with cases of beer under our arms.

We went to Ottawa that fall and Bob Marshall, John O’Shea, Peter Casey and I did the usual compilation of data in the office.  We saw quite a lot of each other socially over the next couple of years.  Peter then got an offer to go to Glace Bay as Town Engineer.  He moved to Cape Breton in 1965; I moved home to New Waterford in 1968 and we saw a lot of each other over the years until he went to USA for studies and eventual employment.

Peter and I traveled from Cape Breton to Halifax and back in 2003 to attend the most recent reunion of the Acadia.  This trip was the last I saw of him.  He and I were good friends; he was an interesting man; intelligent and proud of his work.  He was a great companion.  The repartee between Peter Casey, John O’Shea and myself was priceless.

Source: J.W. (Buzzy) Connors (March 2004)  Lighthouse, Ed. 65, Summer 2004.

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Central Region, Field Officer (Engineer 1)
   1964 - Senior Assistant Hydrographer - CSS Acadia - PEI, NS, Nfld (from Ottawa)

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Drafting and Reproduction, Unit 2, Group C ( Draftsman Grade 1)

Dick Cashen, the Chief of the Quality Control and Services section at the CHS Headquarters, retired at the end of March 1989. In his 40 years as a cartographer with the CHS, Dick developed a level of expertise and excellence that will be hard to match. Dick's skills and energies were not all devoted to the cause of hydrography; he has been a key figure in Ottawa's amateur sports world. In the 1950s, Dick was awarded the Athlone Trophy as Ottawa's best cricket player and in 1963 Dick was named Cricketer of the year. It's only within the last few years that Dick has given up cricket; he can now concentrate all his efforts on fishing.

Source: Lighthouse, Spring 1989, p. 40.

• 1966/67-Training-Hydro I (Class Photo)

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Chart Distribution (Typist 2)

• 1895 - survey of Menzies Bay (near Seymour Narrows, B.C. (chart BA 3162)

  Chan, Grant

• 1977-Cartography I course

Photos: Carto I 1977

1928-1984

Cyril Champ was born on 19th April, 1928 in London, England. On completing elementary school education, he won a scholarship to Hendon Country Grammar School. He joined the Ordnance Survey in 1944 and after training, was employed as a lightkeeper and booker on secondary and tertiary triangulation.

On 6th June, 1946, Cyril enlisted in the Royal Engineers and after completing basic military and field engineering training, he was assigned to the Survey Training Centre (now School of Military Survey). After training, he was posted to Middle East Survey Directorate, was promoted to Sergeant and given the task of overhauling the Map Library.

In august 1948, after release from military service, Cyril joined No. 1 Survey Production Centre R.E. and was made librarian in charge of the trigonometrical and Technical Libraries.

In August 1956, Cyril responded to a competition poster for a "Curator of Hydrographic Documents" in the Canadian Hydrographic Service. He was offered the post, accepted it on 14th January, 1957 and with his wife Paula arrived in Ottawa on 1st April, 1957. Although Cyril was hired as a Chart Curator, he spent much of his time as a key assistant to the Superintendent of Charts and other senior hydrographic personnel.

In 1962, he became a Technical Assistant to the Superintendent of Charts and in 1965 Technical Assistant to the Dominion Hydrographer.

In 1971, Cyril left the CHS to become Executive Assistant to the ADM (Water Sector), Department of the Environment, but in 1974 Cyril returned to CHS as Staff Assistant to the Dominion Hydrographer. He continued in this position until his sudden death, except for a period of 18 months as Staff Assistant to the ADM (Ocean Sciences and Surveys), Department of Fisheries and Oceans in 1980-81.

Cyril will be remembered for his tireless effort on behalf of the CHS, for his excellent memory and his willing manner.

Source: Lighthouse, April 1984, p. 48.
I think Cyril Champ was a recipient of the Centennial Medal in 1967.
Source: David Gray

• 1961 - Headquarters Staff, Technical Officer (Technical Officer 4)
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Technical Assistant to Dominion Hydrographer (Technical Officer 5)

   1965 - Joined CHS
    1967/68 - working level draftsman - Ottawa

R.E. (Ray) Chapeskie

Samuel (Saoul? 1901 Census) Jefferson Chapleau, C.E.

   born 1 January 1869 in United States (1901 census)

• 1902 – surveys of St. Lawrence River, Thousand Islands section
• prior to 1904- Officer in DPW survey from Brockville to Kingston.
• 1904 - came from Public Works upon amalgamation as Assistant to Chief Hydrographer.
• 1904- Officer in Charge of Lake St. Francis survey.
• August 1904 - returned to Dept. Public Works as Engineer-in-Charge of the Nipissing District (between DesJoachims - above Pembroke- and Georgian Bay).

P.A. Chapman

Hector Charbonneau

• resident of Natashquan, P.Q., sailor on CARTIER
• 8 June 1931 - drowned on Netagamu River, North Shore of Gulf during a survey.

1910-1989

D'Arcy Charles was born in Westmount, Quebec in 1910. After two years at McGill University, where he studied biology, engineering and surveying, he held a number of jobs in agriculture. Mr. Charles enlisted in the Navy in 1939 and served throughout the war as a Canadian officer on loan to the Royal Navy, all of his service being in minesweepers. After the war, with his expertise gained in minesweeping which required great precision in navigation, Mr. Charles joined the Canadian Hydrographic Service in 1945 as a hydrographer.

In 1950, Mr. Charles was appointed HIC of his first Arctic survey, working at the head of Frobisher Bay. At the completion of the survey, on a hunch that the Pike-Resor Channel might be a feasible route, he sent a launch through the channel and obtained a line of deep soundings. This route was developed in 1957 and is now the recognized safe navigation passage into upper Frobisher Bay.

Mr. Charles returned to Frobisher Bay in 1951 and from 1952 to 1956 he surveyed Ungava Bay. In 1957, he surveyed the south coast of Newfoundland from Cape Race to Cape Ray. In 1958, returned to the Arctic as HIC on board CSS Baffin, and surveyed Resolute Bay and Radstock Bay.

From 1950 to 1962, Mr. Charles spent 12 seasons in the Arctic; his surveys opened much of Ungava Bay and the eastern Northwest Passage to shipping. D'Arcy Charles retired in 1969, having spent his last two years with the CHS as Chief of Ships Division.

Source: Lighthouse, Fall 1989, p. 51.

D’Arcy Charles has served Canada well both in war and in peace, as a naval officer from 1939 to 1945 and as a dedicated hydrographic surveyor in the Canadian Hydrographic Service from 1945 to 1969.  As officer-in-charge of hydrographic surveys for some 23 years, Charles was solely responsible for the accuracy of charts resulting from his surveys on the east coast of Canada and in Arctic waters.  Their precision has never been questioned.  Prior to his retirement in 1969 he did 12 seasons in Arctic Surveys from 1950 to 1962 and literally openned up Ungava Bay, Resolute Bay and the eastern end of the North West Passage to Arctic shipping.  Many of these highly detailed Arctic surveys were of a hazardous nature for survey ship and the men on board in uncharted waters.  His surveys and charts are in current use by Arctic shipping during the navigation season.  D’Arcy Charles was a great seaman, an outstanding Arctic hydrographer and explorer and an enthusiastic leader of all who served with him.  He never lost a man in 23 years of difficult operations at sea in ships or launches with the CHS. 

Source: Application for Order of Canada January 1989 (not awarded, probably because his death intervened)

In the early seventies, I believe he had a contract with CHS for writing the Sailing Directions for the St. Lawrence River.

• 1946 - technician on St. Margaret's Bay & Halifax survey.
• 1947 - Halifax survey.
• 1948-49 - surveyed Grand Manan, N.B. (chart 4342)
• 1950 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, Port Burwell & Frobisher Bay surveys.
• 1951 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, Hudson Strait surveys
   1953 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, Leaf Lake and Bay. Reconnaissance of Kyak Bay in Payne Bay
   1954 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, west coast of Ungava Bay, Payne Bay, Approaches to Leaf Bay.
   1955 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, Hopes Advance Bay , Ungava Bay
   1956 - Officer in Charge of ALGERINE, Hopes Advance Bay, Payne Bay, Ungava Bay
   1957 - Officer in Charge of Kapuskasing, South Coast of Newfoundland
• 1958 - Officer in Charge of BAFFIN, Frobisher Bay
• 1959 - Officer in Charge of BAFFIN, Hudson Strait
• 1960 - Officer in Charge of BAFFIN, Lancaster Sound
  1962 - Superintendent of  Hydrography
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Superintendent of Hydrography, (as Technical Officer 10)

• 1968 - working level compiler - Aids Section - Ottawa

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Head Chart Revision Compilation (as Technical Officer 3)

J.R.A. Chartrand

• 1961 - Chart Production, Clerk (Clerk 2)
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Chart Distribution (Clerk 2)

J.W. (Jack) Chivas

• 1904 - became a regular assistant on amalgamation.
• 1904 - Lake Winnipeg survey.

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Drafting and Reproduction, Unit 2, Group E (Draftsman grade 1)

• 1908-12 - as Capt. (ret'd), Officer in Charge of H.M. Newfoundland survey.
• 1908-10 - survey of Rich Point to Current I. (chart BA 282, 284)
• 1909-10 - triangulation & Offshore surveys E of Newfoundland (chart BA 232b, 285)
• 1910 - surveyed St John Harbour & Good Bay, Nfld west coast (chart 4680)
• 1911 - surveyed Bonne Bay to Bay of Islands, Hare Bay
• 1912 - surveyed St. John's Harbour & approaches
• Coombes Rock (chart 4618) and Coomb’s Cove (chart 4830) possibly named after him

       In February 1999 I joined the "Friends of Hydrography" volunteer group. A group recording hydrographic data for posterity. 
      
•  April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Chart Inspection (Technical Officer 4)

Autobiography for John Wayne “Buzzy” Connors; Hydrographic Service 1955 thru 1968:

1955:  Ottawa as a Junior Draftsman

  1956:  Ottawa as a Junior Draftsman

  1957:  Ottawa; through the good graces of Mr. Titus was given a chance to experience the Field Survey. Joined the CGL Henry Hudson with OIC Gerry Wade at Larry’s River, NS; survey from White Head to the West.

  1958:  CGL Henry Hudson; OIC Gerry Wade; Isaac’s Hbr/Goldboro; continued the survey westward.

  1959:  CGL Henry Hudson OIC Gerry Wade; Sherbrooke; continued the survey westward.

  1960:  CGL Henry Hudson OIC Larry Murdock;

  Late in 1960, I assisted Hydrographer Bob Golding on a winter survey at James Bay. We lived in Moosonee/Moose Factory & spent November/December there. I remember trying to unfreeze the tent in which we located the tide gauge; unsuccessfully!

  1961:  Eastern Arctic OIC Harvey Blandford; CGS C D Howe; Track sounding & other small jobs. We did a survey at Lunenburg, NS in December somewhere around this time with OIC Phil Corkum; George Yeaton was with us also.

  1962:  Polar Continental Shelf Project OIC Mike Eaton; I was located at Isaachen, NWT with a helicopter (Sikorsky) did grid sounding with a prototype sounder on the Arctic Ocean & the surrounding area. Mike was at Penny Strait doing experimental work on the transponder pulled behind the helicopter. We lost one of our pilots that year; a crash in snowout.

  1963:  St. Lawrence River; the CGS Maxwell; OIC Phil Corkum; Baie Comeau; Dingwall Hbr, Cape Breton

  1964:  NewFoundLand OIC JEV Goodwill; CSS Acadia (Capn. Taylor) St John’s Hbr shoal at entrance; work around St. Pierre et Miquelon but most memorable was our positioning of the Funk Island by sun shot (John O’Shea); a protected site & we were fortunate to be there & Vic kept us all inline.

  1965:  St. Lawrence Seaway; CHL Shag; OIC Chuck Leadman; Neuville, Que.

  1966:  Tobermory; OIC Earl Brown; Survey around Georgian Bay.
           Montreal; OIC Chuck Leadman; small boat survey in preparation for Centennial.
           Caribbean on Training Cruise; CGS Baffin; OIC Sid VanDyck; training exercises around  Antigua .

  1967:  Port Severn; OIC Earl Brown; small boat survey.
           Caribbean on Training Cruise; CGS Baffin; OIC S. VanDyck; around Antigua but I remember doing a              rather extensive survey at Ocho Rios; worked all winter on this chart.

1968:  Training in office.

           Resigned to take position as Math Instructor at NSEIT, Sydney, NS.

L.G. Conor

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Compilation Services & Training (Map Compiler and Computer 3)

• 1939 - listed as clerical assistant at Headquarters.
• 1940 - in chart distribution

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Chart Revision Compilation (Map Compiler and Computer 1)

"I had the ambition not only to go farther than any one had been before, but as far as it was possible for man to go."
Born: Oct. 27, 1728, Marton-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire, England
Died: Feb. 14, 1779, Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii
British naval captain, navigator, explorer, surveyor, chartmaker.
Early Life
James Cook was the second son of James Cook, Snr., a farm hand migrant from Scotland. His father's employer, aware of his inquiring mind, financed his early education. Showing a flair for mathematics, he was briefly apprenticed to William Sanderson, a grocer and haberdasher, in Staithes, 10 miles north of Whitby, but by 18 was going to sea. By 21, he was an 'able seaman' on colliers -- stout, seaworthy, slow 300 tonners -- owned by John Walker of Whitby, mainly working in the North Sea. During winter nights in Whitby and living in Walker's house [Web-site cross-reference to museum didn't connect], he studied mathematics. At the age of 24 he was mate and offered command of a bark at 27 (8 years at sea). Unpredictably he turned it down and volunteered for the Royal Navy as an 'able seaman' on 17th June 1755.\
Early Naval Life
Assigned to HMS Eagle, Cook's ability to lead caught his superiors' attention and he soon rose to master's mate within a month of joining, then boatswain, before passing Trinity House's examination for Master on 29th June 1757. 'Master' holds no modern equivalent; he was the chief professional sailor responsible for navigation and seamanship. Captain Hugh Palliser, his commander for the past 21 months, was later to have enormous influence on his career. He become master of the 64-gun frigate HMS Pembroke on 10th October 1757, at the age of 29. During the 1756-1763 war with France, he saw action in the Bay of Biscay, took command of a captured ship, and was involved in the capture of Louisburg, N.S. He received his introduction to chart making from John Simcoe, his captain and detailed training in the techniques of surveying and chart drafting from Samuel Holland, an army engineer under Gen. Wolfe. After the fall of Louisburg, Wolfe sent the Pembroke and other ships on harrying raids of French settlements in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Under the watchful eye of Simcoe, these two surveyed and charted the Bay of Gaspé and Gaspé Harbour. Cook later had the survey plan engraved and the chart sold. During the winter in Halifax, Cook and Holland assembled a chart of the St. Lawrence River from captured French charts.

On 5th May 1759, the 13 ships of the advance British forces left Halifax and penetrated the St. Lawrence River to within 30 miles of Quebec where the main navigable channel changes from the north to south bank through a complicated stretch of water known as the Traverse. The buoys had all been removed by the French defenders and, on June 8, 1759, the masters of all the British ships present, Cook prominent among them, began to rechart and rebuoy the channel, working at night and within range of the defenders' guns. Not only did they find and survey the Traverse but a second navigable channel and found natural leading marks to assist in the navigation. By June 25, a British fleet of over 200 ships surprised the defence by making the passage of the Traverse without a single casualty. Cook later drew a 10-foot long manuscript (of which 3 remain) in late 1762. Cook remained in Canada when the Pembroke returned to home in September 1759 becoming master of 70-gun HMS Northumberland. He spent the winters in Halifax and surveying the lower St. Lawrence, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in 1760-62. For example, he surveyed Placentia Roads and Harbour, Bay Bulls, St. John's Harbour, the coast between St. John's and Cape St. Francis, Carbonear and Harbour Grace in 1760.

Newfoundland Surveys
His work was so well received that Captain (later , Lord) Graves, the Governor of Newfoundland took Cook with him to Newfoundland in 1763. That year, using HMS Tweed, he surveyed the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon before they were handed back to France (the French Governor was detained until the survey was completed) under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht. Graves bought the 68 ton schooner Sally and renamed it Grenville for Cook's use, now the King's Surveyor. From 1764 to 1768, he commanded Grenville (crew of 9). He started surveying Strait of Belle Isle where he measured a base at Noddy Bay, on the north coast, and extended his survey control westwards through the Strait of Belle Isle to Point Ferolle. Cook ran soundings over the Grand Banks on passage back to England on HMS Tweed. At the end of the 1764 season he sailed his tiny vessel to England where it was converted to a brig.

For the next three years, Cook sailed Grenville across the Atlantic for five months surveying off Newfoundland's west and south coast and prepared the charts and sailing directions during the winters in London where he had the charts engraved and sold. He had previously met, worked with, and learned the art of chart making from Joseph DesBarres as they surveyed in Conception Bay. DesBarres would later produce a great folio of charts, called The Atlantic Neptune, from 1774 to 1781.

On 5th August 1766, he had the initiative to use an eclipse of the Sun to establish an accurate longitude of Eclipse Island near Burgeo. We now know that modern maps place the island at 47° 36' 22"N, 57° 36' 53"W whereas Cook's astronomic position was 47° 36' 19"N, 57° 37'W, a mere 500 feet (150 m) from its modern determination. In a era when longitude errors were in the order of tens of miles, this was phenomenal. Officially, he was a 'master' which is a non-commissioned rank (someone of a lower class of society) yet his paper on the event presented to the Royal Society in London brought his name to the eyes of influential people within the Society and at the Admiralty. Cook's charts of Newfoundland waters were published in London from 1765 to 1768 and remained in print for decades. The surveys Cook carried out in Newfoundland were undoubtedly his finest "pure" surveys. He had the time and the equipment to give them his best effort. The best proof of their excellence is that they were not superseded by more detailed surveys for over a century.

Whenever possible Cook used designations for place names that were already in existence; otherwise he bestowed names in the traditional manner: for similar features in England, royalty, politicians, naval superiors and ships. Cook's sense of humour is also evident in his place naming; e.g., Nameless Point and Unfortunate Cove - where he severely wounded his hand when a large powder horn exploded. Names already in existence that Cook formalized: Belleoram (from the French Bande l'Arier), Bonne Bay (from a 1689 map by Detchevery showing Baya Ederra), Gaultois (Cook's spelling of the Norman French 'galtis') and Sacred Bay (from Baie de Sacre). Cook, himself, is honoured by Cooks Cove (Humber Arm), Cooks Cove (Avalon), Cooks Harbour (Pistolet Bay) and Cooks Brook (Bay of Islands).

First Expedition
In 1768, the Royal Society, supported by the Admiralty, organized an expedition to the Pacific to observe the transit of Venus across the Sun (which occurs twice in 114 years). He was accompanied by the 26 year old, rich, Joseph Banks (scientific leader) and Daniel Solander (Swedish botanist). Both are remembered by islands on the British Columbia coast. It was hoped that the data collected could be used to determine the size of the Earth's orbit. The 40 year old James Cook was appointed leader, but he had to be hurriedly appointed as a Lieutenant. Whether his choice or Admiralty's, his ship was a sturdy converted Whitby collier, renamed HMS Endeavour. After observing the Transit of Venus in June 1769, he searched for the continent that was supposed to exist in counterbalance to the land in the Northern Hemisphere. He charted the complete coastline of New Zealand and the east coast of Australia. His crew suffered losses from dysentery contracted at Batavia (Jakarta) but Cook had championed scurvy through cleanliness, ventilation and diet.

Second Expedition
On his return he was promoted Commander and presented to King George III. He began to organize an even more ambitious voyage, because the first one had excited interest in many other scientific subjects. Between July 1772 and July 1775, Cook made one of the greatest sailing voyages of all time. With a former Whitby ship, HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure, another collier, he found no trace of a supposed large southern continent although he sailed beyond 70°S, completed the first west to east circumnavigation in extreme southern latitudes, charted Tonga and Easter Islands, discovered New Caledonia in the Pacific and the South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia Island in the Atlantic. Again, not one of his crew died of scurvy. Back in England, he was promoted to Captain, elected a fellow of the Royal Society and awarded one of its highest medals for his work against scurvy.

Third Expedition
On July 11, 1776 he departed on board HMS Resolution accompanied by another ex-Whitby ship, HMS Discovery, to the North Pacific Ocean to find the entrance to the Northwest (north of Alaska and Canada) or Northeast Passage (north of Siberia and Russia). Although he penetrated Bering Strait, further exploration was blocked by ice. Getting there, he charted the British Columbia and southern Alaska coasts, thus defining for the first time the western limit of the North American continent. Unfortunately, this expedition led to his death in a fracas with the natives on the Hawaiian islands, which he discovered on this expedition. Is it surprising to note that William Bligh was sailing master on the Resolution? George Vancouver was on the Resolution on the second expedition and a midshipman on the Discovery on the third. Vancouver would return to the British Columbia coast on a different HMS Discovery 15 years later.

Summary
Prior to Cook, the chart of the Pacific Ocean, the world's largest spanning almost half the equatorial circumference and extending 130° in the north-south direction, was almost blank and what was shown was often incorrectly placed. Cook, as well as great acts of exploring, had the first opportunity to use a marine chronometer to determine his longitude so what he did discover could be charted in its correct location, and his expertise in surveying and chartmaking meant that he provided future mariners a legacy of good charts. It is only in the past few years that the last of Cook's surveys (in New Zealand) has been replaced by a modern survey.

References
Beaglehole, J.C. 1974. The Life of Captain James Cook. Adam & Charles Black. London. ISBN 7136-1382-3.
David, Andrew. 1988. The Charts & Coastal Views of Captain Cook's Voyages, Vol. 1 The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768-71. The Hakluyt Society, London. ISBN 0-904-180-239.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 1997. (CD form)
Farrell, Barbara, & Aileen Desbarats (Editors).1988. Explorations in the History of Canadian Mapping: A collection of Essays. Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives, Ottawa. ISBN 0-9690682-5-5.
Fillmore, Stanley & R.W. Sandilands. 1983. The Chartmakers. NC Press Ltd. Toronto. ISBN 0-919601-92-8
Hamilton, William B. 1966. Place Names of Atlantic Canada. University of Toronto Press. Toronto. ISBN 0-8020-7570-3.
Haslam, R.Adm. D.W. 1983. The British Contribution to Hydrography in Canada. Proceedings Centennial Conference Canadian Hydrographic Service. Dept. Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences Special Publication #67.
Ritchie, Adm. G.S. 1995. The Admiralty Chart. The Pentland Press. Durham. ISBN 1-85821-234-0
http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/7557/cook.html
http://www.jetcity.com/~kirok/cook.htm
• credited for surveys on chart BA 232b

1934-1992

John Cookson was born in 1934 and grew up in Southhampton, U.K. After fulfilling his British military service in Egypt, he joined the British Ordnance Survey as a civilian. In 1957, John emigrated to Canada and settled in Ottawa. John worked for Spartan Air Services before joining the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) as a draftsman.

As a member of the CHS cartographic staff, John worked his way up through the ranks and became a supervising draftsman. In 1976, he joined the Training and Standards section where he was responsible for developing and teaching the drafting and reproduction portion of the CHS cartographic training courses. John also developed the drafting standards for CHS symbology. As a Cartographic Training Officer since 1976, John was well known by most CHS cartographic staff, having taught most of them on either Carto I or II.

Students from other countries, including Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Seychelles, Mauritius, Korea, South Africa and Nigeria also benefited from John's knowledge and expertise. John was also generous with his time and help for students on related navigation and seamanship courses.

In winter, John was an avid cross country skier and from spring to fall he spent much of his spare time on his cruiser berthed at Merrickville. He was an active member of the Britannia Power and Sail Squadron and also instructed there.

Source: Lighthouse, Fall 1992, p. 51.
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Drafting and Reproduction, Unit 2, Group D (Draftsman Grade3)
    1967 - supervisor - drafting section - Ottawa

Photos: Carto I 1977

D.J. (Derek) Cooper

• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Tides and Water Levels, Data Collection, Field Officer (Technical Officer 3)
• 1966 - transferred to Central Region

John Cooper, retired from the CHS in 1978 as Territorial Waters Officer. He had served during the war on HMS Churchill, and joined the CHS as a sailing directions writer. He became involved with the establishment of the straight baselines for the Territorial Sea and worked on the boundary negotiations with France in 1970s and United States in 1980s. He was part of the Canadian Delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, attending sessions in New York, Geneva and Caracas. He was part of the Canadian team in a hearing at a Chamber of the International Court of Justice in The Hague for the maritime boundary in the Gulf of Maine (1980s) and at the ad hoc arbitration that decided the maritime boundary south and west of St. Pierre and Miquelon (1990s). In 1992, he was awarded a Member of the Order of Canada for his service to Canada. John was born May 16, 1921 and died February 18, 1999.

Sources: Lighthouse, Apr. 1979, p. 20.
David Gray

John Cooper will best be remembered by Canada as the technical specialist that helped formulate Canada’s 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone thereby increasing Canada’s jurisdiction by millions of square kilometres.  John died in Ottawa after a short period in hospital on February 18^th, 1999.

Edward John Cooper, known to his friends as ‘John’, was born in England on 16 May 1921.  He joined the merchant marine as an officer cadet and at the outbreak of war transferred to the Royal Navy Reserve.  He started as a Midshipman on Armoured Cruisers but by 1941 he was serving in H.M.S. Churchill, one of the 50 US Navy four-stacker destroyers transferred to the Royal Navy, and spent most of the war on convoy duty working with the Canadian group.  John continued with the Royal Navy after World War 2 and saw service in the Korean conflict until he transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1953.

He joined the Canadian Hydrographic Service in 1956 and continued his naval affiliations by being a reservist at H.M.C.S. Carleton, retiring as Commanding Officer.  As a Sailing Directions officer in CHS he saw some field duties by visiting areas to collect information for Pilots and Sailing Directions.  However, it was his navigating officer’s experience that caused him to become the Territorial Waters Officer responsible for defining the 3-mile territorial sea limit, and then 12-mile fishing zone limits on charts.  As such, he attended the preparatory committee meetings for the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and all of the many sittings of the Conference itself as it moved amongst New York City, Geneva and Caracas.  Officially, he retired from the CHS in 1978 but received several contracts from External Affairs to continue with the Canadian delegation.

As the hydrographic expert on the Canadian negotiating teams, his role was essential in the bilateral boundary discussions with United States, France and Denmark.  The Gulf of Maine dispute ended at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, and the St. Pierre and Miquelon question was resolved at an ad hoc hearing in New York City.  The Danish question was concluded at the negotiating table in Ottawa and Copenhagen.  The Canada-Greenland (Denmark) line is a masterpiece of agreeing to put aside technical problems that could not be resolved at that time – no doubt an idea of the two technical experts – Milan Thamsborg and John.

External Affairs sent John to help Trinidad, Dominica, Vanuatu, and Cook Islands with their maritime limits.  For his devotion to the establishment and contribution to the recognition of Canada’s maritime boundaries, he was awarded the Member of the Order of Canada in 1992.

He met his wife, Margaret, during the war where she was working at Bletchley on the ENIGMA (German cipher).  They were married in 1943.

His love of things “naval” never really left him.  He made model ships, including ones that he had sailed on and which he sailed by remote-controlled radio, and read constantly.  After his eyesight failed, he continued with “talking books” from the library.  His wife Margaret’s volunteer service with CNIB provided a wealth of understanding for his affliction.

We extend our deepest condolences to his wife Margaret and their three sons.

 Source: Geomatica, Vol. 53, No. 4, 1999, pp. 472-3.

• 1962 - in Sailing Directions
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Sailing Directions (Technical Officer 6)

• 1966 - Student Assistant - Trent Severn Waterway Survey, Ont (10 May to 7 Sept)

• surveyed Newfoundland in 19^th Century

• 1892 - assistant on survey of East Cape, Anticosti Island (chart 4430a)
• 1893-96 surveyed codroy Road to Cow Head, Nfld. Under Tooker (chart BA283, BA2876) 

• former Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Works
• from 7 January 1905 - International Waterways Commission

• 1983 –Strait of Belle Isle survey (FS 4962)

Thomas Cote

• of Montreal
• from 20 February, 1905- Secretary, International Waterways Commission.

Capt. Joseph Couillard

• 1912 - Sailing Master, ARCTIC, magnetic surveys Hudson Bay

• surveyed Newfoundland in 19^th Century

D.F. Courtnage

   1966 - Summer student - Marabell  - Various BC locations - from 2 June to 31 August
• 1967/68-Training-Hydro I
Photos: Hydro I 1967/68

 R.D. Courtnage

1919 -    

Bill Covey was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan in 1919 and at an early age moved to Toronto with his parents. He was educated at Central Technical School and moved to Ottawa in 1939 where he worked as a Draftsman for the Geological Survey of Canada. During World War 2, he served as a Navigator with the RCAF. In 1948, he transferred to the Cartographic staff of the CHS where he supervised in the Compilation and Drafting Sections until 1965 when he became Technical Information Officer. In that capacity, he was present on the CSS Baffin on her visit to Monaco in 1967 as part of the International Hydrographic Conference. He retired in 1974 and moved to Middleton, Nova Scotia in 1983 where he and his wife, Bette (also ex-CHS), enjoy their hobby of choral singing.

Sources: Lighthouse, Spring 1990, p. 22.
"A Cartographic Tale a Half-Century Old", Lighthouse, Spring 1990, pp. 19-22.
"Number 8", Lighthouse, Fall 1990, pp. 11-16.
"A Landlubber at Sea", Lighthouse, Fall 1991, pp. 7-12.
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Chart Drafting and Reproduction, head Unit 1 (Technical Officer 5)

• 1946 - appointed as Student Draftsman, Headquarters
• 1947 - listed as Student Draftsman in chart drafting section
• April 1963 (CHS org chart)- Drafting and Reproduction, Unit 1, Group B (Draftsman Grade 3)

• 1944 - hired as 'seaman technical'
• 1944 - Northumberland Strait survey.
• 1945 - Strait of Canso survey